The water level in Lake Kariba has begun to decline again, despite this being the time of year when it is usually expected to rise.
In an update on Monday, 24 March, the Zambezi River Authority (ZRA) said that while lake levels typically start to rise at this time, they are currently fluctuating due to outflows surpassing inflows. ZRA added:
<blockquote>
On the same date last year, the lake level was slightly higher than it is today.
</blockquote>
According to ZRA, on 24 March 2025, the lake level was 476.84m, and the usable live storage volume was 5.90 BCM, while usable live storage (for power generation) was at 9.12%.
In contrast, on 24 March 2024, the lake level was 477.52m, and the usable live storage volume was 9.08 BCM, while usable live storage (for power generation) was at 14.02%.
A few weeks ago, specifically on 3 March 2025, Lake Kariba had a higher water volume compared to this week, indicating that the water level has been declining after it started picking up in January.
According to ZRA, on 3 March 2025, the lake level was 476.89m, and the usable live storage volume was 6.21 BCM, with usable live storage (for power generation) at 9.60%.
Earlier this month, the Zimbabwe Power Company (ZPC), a unit of ZESA Holdings, increased power generation at the Kariba South Hydropower Station to mitigate a severe electricity crisis following the shutdown of two generators at the Hwange Thermal Power Station.
Since March 4, Kariba has been generating a maximum of 485 MW, a significant increase from the 185 MW it had been producing over the past several months due to low water levels at Lake Kariba.
On February 28, 2025, ZESA announced that two units at the Hwange Thermal Power Station would shut down for maintenance.
Unit 7, one of the two new units commissioned in 2023 and generating 300 MW, will undergo maintenance from March 2 to March 29, 2025. Unit 6, an older unit producing 150 MW, will be shut down from mid-March to May.

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Lake Kariba's water level usually rises at this time of year, but now it is unexpectedly dropping. The low levels are caused by more water flowing out of the lake than flowing in. Last year, the lake had more water than it does now. This decrease in water is affecting power generation in the area, leading to an increase in electricity production at the Kariba South Hydropower Station. They had to do this to deal with a power crisis caused by maintenance at the Hwange Thermal Power Station.

Lake Kariba’s Water Levels Drop Unexpectedly

Zimbabwe Republic Police (ZRP) Officer Commanding Harare Central District, Chief Superintendent Masvivi, has issued a prohibition order that prevents members of the public from carrying items that could be used as weapons.
The ban comes just days before protests called by outspoken war veteran Blessed Geza, who has demanded that President Emmerson Mnangagwa resign for allegedly overseeing a corrupt and incompetent government.
On Wednesday night, Geza conducted another live broadcast, urging citizens to take to the streets on March 31 to protest.
In a statement released on March 26, 2025, Masvivi urged community members to refrain from carrying various items, including catapults, machetes, knobkerries, swords, knives, and daggers.
He said the ZRP has “reasonable grounds” to believe that carrying these items, whether openly or concealed, could contribute to public disorder or a breach of peace.
The prohibition also extends to traditional weapons, which the police have flagged as potential threats to safety.
This order will remain in effect for a period of two months, starting from Thursday, March 27, 2025, until May 31, 2025. Reads the order:
<blockquote>
ZRP Harare Central District
Prohibition Order
In terms of Section 13 of the Maintenance of Peace and Order Act Chapter 11:23, I, Chief Superintendent M. Masvivi, being the Officer Commanding Police, Harare Central District, policing area bound by four districts—Mbare to the south stretching from Braeside Area, Magaba Home Industry up to Sally Mugabe Hospital; Harare North to the west stretching from Marimba Suburban to Kirkman Road; Suburban to the north stretching from Kirkman Road to Corner Borrowdale Road and Churchill Road; and Harare East to the east stretching from Robert Mugabe Airport to Chikurubi Maximum Prison—believing on reasonable grounds that the carrying, whether openly or by concealment, in a public place or thoroughfare, or public display of any of the following weapons or items capable of use as weapons:
a. Catapults, machetes, axes, knobkerries, swords, knives, or daggers.
b. Any traditional weapons whatsoever likely to occasion public disorder or a breach of the peace,
hereby issue an order prohibiting the carrying of such weapons in Harare District or any part thereof for a period not exceeding two months, that is from 27 March 2025 to 31 May 2025.
For the avoidance of doubt, it is declared that in terms of Section 13 of the Maintenance of Peace and Order Act Chapter 11:23, any person who fails to comply with such a prohibition shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a fine not exceeding level 5 or imprisonment for six months, or both such fine and imprisonment.
[M. Masvivi] Chief Superintendent 
Officer Commanding Police 
Harare Central District
</blockquote>

The police in Harare have said people cannot carry weapons like knives, swords, or traditional weapons like axes and machetes in public. They think carrying these things could cause problems. This rule will be in place for two months to keep everyone safe. If anyone breaks this rule, they could be fined or go to jail. The police want everyone to be safe and avoid fights or trouble caused by carrying dangerous things. So, it's best to leave these weapons at home to stay out of trouble.

Police In Harare Ban Carrying Of Traditional Weapons

A fisherman from Kariba’s Nyamhunga Phase 3, Aleck Pembere, 24, cheated death by a whisker when his boat capsized on Lake Kariba Tuesday night, but his colleague, Isaac Parichi, was not so fortunate.
Pembere described his escape as a “miracle” after he found himself clinging to a refrigerator that had fallen off the vessel.
For a terrifying 45 minutes, the appliance was his only lifeline until fellow fishermen spotted him from a distance and rushed to his rescue.
Tragically, Pembere’s colleague, Parichi, was not so lucky, and his fate remains unknown. Said Pembere:
<blockquote>
We were communicating with my friend Isaac Parichi for the first five minutes after the accident, trying to seek help, but he eventually disappeared.
</blockquote>
Pembere and Parichi were traveling from ARDA-Gache Gache Fishing Camp to Kariba Urban when a tidal wave struck their boat.
The boat was carrying a cargo of two refrigerators, small containers, life jackets, and paddles.
A fisherman who declined to be named urged authorities to provide patrol boats for rescue services to prevent such tragedies in the future. He said:
<blockquote>
We need patrol boats to monitor the lake and ensure that boats are adhering to safety regulations. This would help prevent accidents and save lives.
</blockquote>
The search for Parichi resumed on Wednesday, but unfortunately, the efforts yielded no results.
As the hours tick by, hopes of finding him alive are fading. Despite this, the search was expected to continue on Thursday.
More: <a href="https://www.newsday.co.zw/local-news/article/200039446/kariba-accident-survivor-relives-harrowing-experience">NewsDay</a>

A fisherman named Aleck Pembere survived a boat accident on Lake Kariba while his colleague Isaac Parichi's fate is unknown. Their boat capsized and a tidal wave struck them. Pembere held onto a fallen refrigerator for 45 minutes until other fishermen rescued him. They were traveling from ARDA-Gache Gache Fishing Camp to Kariba Urban. Authorities were urged to provide patrol boats to prevent such accidents. The search for Parichi continued, but with fading hopes. Despite this, efforts were ongoing to find him.

Fisherman Survives Boat Accident On Lake Kariba, Colleague’s Fate Unknown

The Zambezi River Authority (ZRA) said on Monday that there has been a gradual rise in the water level at the Kariba Dam following recent rains.
According to ZRA’s latest hydrological update, Lake Kariba’s water level has been steadily increasing, with a current reading of 6.17% in water storage capacity.
ZRA Chief Executive Officer Munyaradzi Munodawafa attributed the rise in water level to improved rainfall in the Kariba catchment area. He said:
<blockquote>
The Kariba reservoir is experiencing a gradual rise in water level, mainly due to intensified rainfall around the lake. The recent rainfall activity has had a positive impact on the hydrological outlook and we expect this trend to continue through Q1 of 2025.
The increase in water level is a welcome development and we expect it to have a positive impact on power generation.
The authority remains committed to monitoring and managing water resources efficiently.
</blockquote>
Kariba Dam is an important source of hydroelectric power for both Zambia and Zimbabwe, with both countries currently facing electricity shortages, partly due to low water levels in the lake.
Zimbabwe is currently generating 185MW at the Kariba South Hydro Power plant, which has an installed capacity of 1,050MW.
Munodawafa said the authority would continue to monitor the hydrological situation concerning Kariba Dam’s water level and its power generation capacity.

The Kariba Dam, which provides electricity for Zambia and Zimbabwe, is filling up with water due to recent rains. The water level is increasing slowly and is currently at 6.17%. This is good news because it means there will be more water for generating electricity. The increase in water level is due to more rain in the area, which is filling up the dam. Both countries are currently facing electricity shortages, so this is a positive development. The authority in charge is keeping an eye on the situation to make sure there is enough water for power generation.

Rainfall Boosts Kariba Dam Water Storage

Two people from Kariba town, a man and a woman, have been missing since the end of last year, and their families are still searching for them as of January 16, 2025.
According to Mutsa Murombedzi, a CCC Member of Parliament (MP) representing Mashonaland West Province, a man known by the name Mativiri or Hambalala has not been seen since December 31st, 2024.
It is alleged that Mativiri went spearfishing in the Zambezi River, Kariba, and has not been seen since. Only his clothes have been recovered near the riverbank, along with his phone, which no longer had power, leading authorities to suspect that he may have gone into the water.
The other missing person, a woman called Sabina Shereni, was last seen on December 28th, 2024, heading to the Kariba General Hospital, but she never arrived at her destination.
<img alt="Image" decoding="async" src="https://pbs.twimg.com/media/GhaQSDhXEAA1FL5?format=jpg&amp;name=4096x4096"/>
Searches for the missing persons are ongoing in and around the Kariba area, and anyone with information is encouraged to contact the nearest police station.
More: <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

Two people from Kariba town, a man and a woman, went missing at the end of last year. Mativiri went spearfishing in the Zambezi River and hasn't been seen since December 31st, 2024. Only his clothes and phone were found near the riverbank. Sabina Shereni went missing on December 28th, 2024, on her way to the hospital. The families are desperately searching for them. People are still looking for them in Kariba, and if anyone has information, they should contact the police.

Families Desperately Search For Two Missing People In Kariba

The water level at Lake Kariba is gradually rising with the ongoing rainy season, though it remains significantly lower compared to the same time last year (2024).
In an update on Monday, January 13, the Zambezi River Authority (ZRA), which manages the environmental aspects of the Zambezi River, indicated that the lake level is expected to continue rising as the rainy season progresses.
As of January 13, 2025, the usable live storage for power generation stood at 3.09%, compared to 13.31% on the same date in 2024.
ZRA also reported that the usable live storage volume was 2.00 BCM on January 13, 2025, down from 8.62 BCM on January 13, 2024. ZRA said:
<blockquote>
The Kariba Lake is designed to operate between levels 475.50m and 488.50m (with 0.70m freeboard) for hydropower generation.
The Lake level is steadily increasing as the rainy season progresses though lower than last year, closing the period under review at 475.94m (3.09% usable storage) on 13th January 2025, compared to 477.42m (13.31% usable storage) recorded on the same date last year.
</blockquote>
Lake Kariba is of major economic importance to both Zimbabwe and Zambia, as the power stations located on either bank of the Zambezi River have the capacity to generate over 1,000 MW of electricity.
However, declining water levels have led to a drastic reduction in water allocation for power generation, causing severe power shortages in both countries.
On Tuesday, January 14, Kariba South Hydro Power, located on the Zimbabwean side and with an installed capacity of 1,050 MW, was generating just 185 MW.
More: <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

Lake Kariba's water level is going up because of the rainy season, but it's still lower than last year. The usable live storage for power generation is at only 3.09% compared to 13.31% last year. Lake Kariba is important for Zimbabwe and Zambia because it generates electricity. But, low water levels mean there's less power to go around, causing shortages. Even a big power station in Zimbabwe is only generating a fraction of its capacity. The rainy season might bring the water level up more, but for now, there's still a big difference from last year.

Lake Kariba Water Level Rise, But Still Lower Than 2024

The Zambezi River Authority (ZRA) reported on Monday, January 6, 2025, that the water level in Lake Kariba is steadily rising due to consistent rainfall over the reservoir and its immediate catchment area.
In their latest update, ZRA said the usable live storage for power generation is currently at 2.61%.
While this is an improvement, it is still significantly lower compared to the 12.32% recorded on the same date in 2024. The ZRA said:
<blockquote>
The Kariba Lake is designed to operate between levels 475.50m and 488.50m (with 0.70m freeboard) for hydropower generation.
The Lake level is steadily increasing due to sustained rainfall on the reservoir and immediate catchment, closing the period under review at 475.87m (2.61% usable storage) on 6th January 2025, compared to 477.28m (12.32% usable storage) recorded on the same date last year.
</blockquote>
The lake level at Lake Kariba fell to its lowest in the past twelve months on December 31 and January 1, reaching 1.93%.
However, from January 2 to January 6, it has been steadily rising from 2% to 2.61%. This increase offers hope to both Zimbabwe and Zambia that load shedding may be eased in the coming months as the lake level continues to rise.
More: <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

Lake Kariba's water level is going up because of rain, but it's still low for making power. It's at 2.61% now, which is better than before. Last year at this time, it was at 12.32%. The lake was at its lowest on December 31, but now it's going up. This is good news for Zimbabwe and Zambia as it may help reduce power cuts. Rain is helping the lake, but it still has a long way to go before everything is back to normal.

Lake Kariba Sees Water Level Improvement, But Long Road Ahead

The Zambezi River Authority (ZRA), which manages the Kariba Dam, has said a series of recent earth tremors in Mashonaland West Province do not pose a safety threat to the dam wall.
In a statement issued on Thursday, December 26, ZRA revealed that seven earth tremors have hit the region since December 1, 2024.
ZRA said that, in the interest of dam safety, they focus on the ground accelerations or vibrations generated by the tremors rather than their magnitudes.
The magnitude of an earthquake is a measure of the energy released at the source of the earthquake. Reads the statement from ZRA:
<blockquote>
The Zambezi River Authority (the Authority) wishes to confirm that it has noted the occurrence of earthquake incidents in the Kariba and surrounding areas.
The most recent earthquake incident with a magnitude M4.9 occurred at 05:39 hours CAT on 23rd December 2024.
Its epicentre was triangulated to approximately 19km on the SSE direction from Kariba Dam, at a depth of 10km.
This region is located within the Kariba reservoir, directly behind the Antelope Island in Zimbabwe.
Six other earthquake incidents occurred in the Kariba and surrounding areas, as well as the Hurungwe District in Zimbabwe on 7th December (M4.3), 8th December (M4.1), two incidents on 11th December (one M4.3 in Hurungwe area with insufficient details to locate the second one). Two other earthquake incidents occurred on 20th December (M4.4 and M4.7).
The epicentres of six of the seven earthquake incidents that have occurred since 1st December 2024 were located between 19km and 40km SSE of Kariba Town, either within the Kariba reservoir or Charara Safari Area.
The epicentre of the seventh earthquake incident (M4.3) which occurred on 11th December was located approximately 106km away from Kariba Dam in the Hurungwe District of Zimbabwe.
In view of the occurrence of the said earthquake incidents, the Authority wishes to advice its stakeholders and the public at large that earthquakes are primarily reservoir-induced-seismic (RIS) activities that are triggered by not only the presence, but also the water level fluctuations from the drawing down of the Kariba reservoir.
The earthquakes are not only limited to Kariba as they have been reported from the filling and subsequent operation of several other large dams and reservoirs worldwide.
The Authority further wishes to inform its stakeholders and the public at large that in the interest of dam safety, it does not focus on magnitudes of the earthquakes, but the ground accelerations or vibrations that are generated from the event.
The vibrations/shacking are further influenced by such characteristics as distance and depth of the epicentre.
Therefore, an earthquake with a smaller magnitude but with its epicentre closer to the dam wall could be more damaging than a large earthquake with an epicentre located far away from the dam wall.
Within this context, the earthquakes that have been experienced in Kariba, Siavonga and surrounding areas since the construction of the Kariba Dam are relatively small and have not generated large ground accelerations or vibrations as to cause concern regarding the safety of the dam wall.
As part of emergency preparedness and Standing Operating Procedures (SOP) requirements regarding the operation of Kariba Dam following the occurrence of unusual incidents, the Authority inspects the dam and analyses data from the various dam monitoring instruments each time that there is an occurrence of an earthquake incident including that which took place on 23rd December 2024.
The inspections and analyse is of data from the various monitoring instruments after the earthquakes referred to above did not reveal any unusual observations and the dam continued to exhibit normal behaviour that is consistent with prevailing loading conditions.
The Authority further wishes to reiterate its commitment to carrying out and delivering on its mandate in respect of ensuring that the long-term safety and reliability of the Kariba Dam is maintained for public safety and for the benefit of the Republics of Zambia and Zimbabwe and the region at large.
</blockquote>
More: <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

Zambezi River Authority (ZRA) says recent earthquakes near Kariba Dam are not a threat. Seven earthquakes hit the area since December 1, 2024. ZRA focuses on ground vibrations from earthquakes rather than their size. The Authority inspects the dam after each earthquake. The recent earthquakes did not cause any damage to the dam. ZRA's main goal is to keep the dam safe for everyone. The earthquakes are caused by the water level changes in the dam. ZRA is committed to ensuring the safety and reliability of Kariba Dam for the people of Zambia and Zimbabwe.

No Threat To Kariba Dam From Recent Earthquakes, Says ZRA

The Kariba Lake level has generally continued to decline, with only minor fluctuations primarily influenced by rainfall in the lake and its immediate catchment area.
According to the Zambezi River Authority (ZRA), as of December 11, 2024, the lake level stood at 475.91 meters, representing 2.89% of usable storage, compared to 477.21 meters (11.83% usable storage) recorded on the same date last year.
Kariba Lake is designed to operate between levels of 475.50 meters and 488.50 meters above mean sea level, allowing for a freeboard of 0.70 meters for hydropower generation.
Meanwhile, the Kariba South Power Station, which has a 1,050MW installed capacity, was generating a paltry 124.5MW on Monday, December 16, according to the Zimbabwe Power Company (ZPC).
More: <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

The Kariba Lake in Zimbabwe is getting very low. The water level is only 2.89% of what it should be for generating power. This is bad because the lake is important for producing electricity. The water level has been dropping compared to last year. The power station in Kariba is working at a much lower capacity because of the low water level. This means there might be more power shortages if the water level doesn't rise. The government is trying to come up with a solution to this problem.

Kariba Lake Usable Storage Plummets To 2.89%

Zimbabwe’s industrial power users, including mining companies, have secured US$250 million from the African Export-Import Bank to build floating solar panels at Lake Kariba, the world’s largest man-made lake.
According to <a href="https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/investing/commodities/2024/12/09/zimbabwe-power-users-raise-250-million-for-solar-plan/">Bloomberg</a>, the Intensive Energy User Group made up of mining companies including a former local unit of Rio Tinto and Mimosa, plans a 250-megawatt solar plant with the potential to expand to 1 gigawatt of solar capacity.
The plant is expected to be implemented within 18 months.
Edward Cross, the IEUG chairman, said that the group received “oversubscribed” interest for financing.
Zimbabwe is currently facing severe power shortages due to drought, with the Kariba Dam generating only 125 megawatts (around 11% of its capacity) due to low water levels.
IEUG holds a retail supply licence and a 20-year transmission agreement to connect to the national grid.
In a statement posted X, Afreximbank said that the project will integrate solar energy with existing hydropower infrastructure boosting Zimbabwe’s renewable energy capacity and ensuring reliable power. Reads the post:
<blockquote>
At a Boardroom session during Africa Investment Forum 2024, Afreximbank showcased its support for Green Hybrid Power’s 1,000-megawatt hybrid floating solar photovoltaic facility on Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe. 
This transformative project will integrate solar energy with existing hydropower infrastructure, boosting Zimbabwe’s renewable energy capacity and ensuring reliable power for industries and mining under a 20-year Power Purchase Agreement.
With an initial phase targeting 250 MW at $250M, Afreximbank’s Project Preparation Facility, signed in April 2024, is driving feasibility studies and engineering designs.
Chaired by Mr. Zitto Alfayo, Head of Project Preparation Unit, this initiative underscores Afreximbank’s commitment to sustainable development, green economies, and fostering trade through reliable energy.
</blockquote>
More: <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

Zimbabwe is getting money to build floating solar panels on Lake Kariba to help with power shortages. The project will start soon and will add more solar power to the country. The industrial power users group, made up of big companies, are happy about getting the money. The project aims to boost renewable energy and make sure there is enough power for everyone. Solar power will be added to the existing hydropower, making it more reliable. This will help industries and mining companies have power for the next 20 years.

Zimbabwe Power Users Raise US$250 Million For Floating Solar Plant At Lake Kariba

Vice President Constantino Chiwenga has called for stronger cooperation between Zimbabwe and Zambia to leverage advanced technologies like solar mini-grids, energy storage systems, and smart grids.
This will expand electricity access, particularly to remote areas in both Zimbabwe and Zambia, enhancing energy availability in underserved regions.
Speaking at the inaugural Zimbabwe-Zambia Energy Projects Summit in the resort city of Victoria Falls this week, Chiwenga asserted that increasing energy access is crucial for driving sustainable economic growth and improving the quality of life for citizens in both countries. He said:
<blockquote>
Energy access is a fundamental right that supports vital sectors like education, healthcare, agriculture, and job creation. We must ensure that no one is left behind.
</blockquote>
Chiwenga said that energy access is crucial for sustainable development in Zimbabwe and Zambia, paving the way for a cleaner, greener, and more prosperous future.
He stressed the need for innovation and collaboration to transform both nations’ energy sectors, with the potential to attract investment in large-scale projects. Said the Vice President:
<blockquote>
Our region is rich in energy resources—hydropower, solar, and wind—but these must be harnessed sustainably and equitably to meet the growing demands of our populations.
</blockquote>
Zimbabwe and Zambia share a vital energy resource: the Kariba Dam, located on the Zambezi River, which flows between the two countries.
The dam is home to two key power stations—the Kariba North Power Station in Zambia and the Kariba South Power Station in Zimbabwe—both of which play a crucial role in meeting the energy needs of both nations.
Kariba North is Zambia’s largest underground hydroelectric power station, with an installed capacity of 1,080 MW, while Kariba South is Zimbabwe’s second-largest power plant, with an installed capacity of 1,050 MW. Both countries rely heavily on the hydroelectric power generated by these stations.
However, power generation has been significantly affected due to low water levels in the dam, disrupting the electricity supply for both Zimbabwe and Zambia.
More: <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

Zimbabwe's Vice President Chiwenga wants Zimbabwe and Zambia to work together to bring solar energy to more people in both countries. He says having electricity is important for schools, hospitals, farms, and jobs. Chiwenga thinks that using renewable energy like solar and wind is good for the environment and can make both countries more successful. Zimbabwe and Zambia both rely on the Kariba Dam for electricity, but low water levels there have caused problems. Chiwenga hopes that by working together, both countries can find solutions to their energy needs.

Chiwenga Calls For Deeper Cooperation In Renewable Energy Between Zimbabwe And Zambia

The water level at the Kariba Dam continues to decline, despite some rainfall in the reservoir and its immediate catchment area.
The Zambezi River Authority (ZRA) reported on Monday, November 18, that the lake level has dropped to 476.03m, representing just 3.71% of usable storage.
This marks a significant decrease compared to the same date in 2023, when the lake level stood at 477.68m, with 15.15% of usable storage. ZRA said:
<blockquote>
The Kariba Lake is designed to operate between levels 475.50m and 488.50m (with 0.70m freeboard) for hydropower generation.
The Lake level is steadily decreasing with fluctuations being observed due to the influence of rainfall on the lake and immediate catchment, closing the period under review at 476.03m (3.71% usable storage) on 18th November 2024, compared to 477.68m (15.15% usable storage) recorded on the same date last year.
</blockquote>
Last week, Zimbabwe’s Minister of Energy and Power Development, Edgar Moyo, told Parliament that the country’s power utility, ZESA Holdings, is currently generating just 100 megawatts at the Kariba South Power Station, which has an installed capacity of 1,050 MW. Moyo said:
<blockquote>
In Kariba during that time, we were able to do up to 300 megawatts but now we are only able to do 100 megawatts.
We were allocated 8.4 billion cubic metres of water for Lake Kariba for use this year but, at some point, we had to get up to 500 megawatts from Kariba to meet the high demand.
That has significantly reduced the water levels, and we are now left with about 1 billion cubic litres of water, which can generate 100 megawatts up to the end of the year.
</blockquote>
More: <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

The water level at Kariba Dam is going down even though there has been some rain. Last year the water level was higher than now. This is not good for generating electricity. The power station at Kariba Dam can only make 100 megawatts now, instead of 300 like before. This is because there is not enough water. There is only enough water to make electricity until the end of the year. Kariba Dam needs more water for electricity generation.

Kariba Dam Water Levels Continue To Fall Despite Rainfall

Fanuel Cumanzala, the Member of Parliament for Binga South, has criticised the government for failing to extend connectivity to the national grid in Binga District, reported <a href="https://newsday.co.zw/southerneye/local/article/200034568/binga-not-benefiting-from-kariba-power">Southern Eye</a>.
Electricity is generated from Lake Kariba, which displaced the BaTonga people during its construction in the 1950s, yet the local people are not benefitting.
During a session in the National Assembly, the CCC MP challenged Energy and Power Development Minister Edgar Moyo to explain why his constituency is not benefiting from the lake, especially considering that the local community made sacrifices for its creation. He said:
<blockquote>
May you please explain why Binga people are not enjoying the benefits of having the Lake Kariba Hydroelectric Power Station, considering that they paved way for the construction of the lake?
There are two issues here. The first issue is how Binga or the Zambezi combined communities are benefiting from the Zambezi River Authority initiative, that is the Zambezi River Development Fund, which is appreciated, but I wish the minister could indicate where some of those projects that he mentioned are located in those specific districts.
I am very familiar with Hurungwe, Kariba, Binga and Hwange. Then the second issue has to do with power supply itself.
</blockquote>
Cumanzala said Binga has not benefited from the electricity generated at Lake Kariba for many years. He claimed that power lines were erected in areas like Lusulu and Chapuwa a decade ago; however, these lines have never been operational since their construction. He said:
<blockquote>
The poles are down, the copper cables are down. It is fortunate that most of our people do not steal, should I say otherwise, they could have vandalised the poles and stolen the copper lines, but they have been down for a long time now.
Maybe the minister could explain why they have been down for this long and what plans are in place to make sure that those areas are covered by electricity because this is where the majority of the schools are.
This is where the majority of the population lives. The clinics which are in those areas have no electricity. The schools have no electricity.
</blockquote>
In response, Moyo told Parliament that the Zambezi River Authority established the Zambezi Valley Development Fund in 1997. 
He said the fund aims to finance sustainable infrastructure and development projects to mitigate the impact of the displacement of the Tonga and Kore Kore people on both sides of the Zambezi River in Zambia and Zimbabwe. Said Moyo:
<blockquote>
These are the communities which were displaced during the construction of Kariba Dam. The Zambezi Valley Development Fund has funded various infrastructural and developmental projects which include the procurement and restoration of grinding mills, sinking of boreholes, and construction of schools and houses for support staff in respective project sites, among other things.
</blockquote>
He said some of the projects had been implemented in Binga, Hurungwe, Gokwe North and Kariba districts. Moyo said:
<blockquote>
Projects completed under the Siabuwa line include four chiefs’ homesteads, four clinics, 11 primary schools, five secondary schools, two business centres and the Transport ministry houses.
However, the Siabuwa line has been down for a long time and repairs could not be done due to financial constraints at ZETDC [Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company] to secure materials, labour and transport.
Despite these constraints, ZETDC has been working on these lines and to date has covered about 20km of the estimated 60km line.
ZETDC has seen improvement in resources availability and expect to finish the line by end of December 2024.
</blockquote>
More: <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

In Binga District, the MP is unhappy because they don't have electricity from Lake Kariba. He asked the Minister why. The Minister said the Zambezi Valley Development Fund is helping. Binga District should have electricity, but the power lines are broken. The Minister said they will fix them by December 2024. The Fund has helped with projects like schools and clinics. The MP wants answers and the community wants electricity. Hopefully, they will get it soon.

Binga District Left In The Dark, Says MP

The Zimbabwean government says the country’s power utility will continue generating electricity from the Kariba Dam hydroelectric station despite current low water levels attributed to drought.
The Kariba Dam, a primary source of electricity for both Zimbabwe and Zambia, is managed by the Zambezi River Authority (ZRA) on behalf of the two nations.
Last month, the Zambia Electricity Supply Corporation Limited (ZESCO) announced plans to shut down its power station at Kariba due to depleted water levels affecting power generation.
However, Zimbabwe’s Finance Minister, Mthuli Ncube, said the country will continue generating power from Kariba. Said Ncube:
<blockquote>
The Kariba might be shut down due to the low water levels, we don’t expect this to happen on the Zimbabwean side as we share this facility with Zambia and it’s managed through the Zambezi River Authority. Our prognosis is that on the Zimbabwean side, there shouldn’t be difficulty at all.
</blockquote>
The Zimbabwe Power Company (ZPC) has been producing decreasing amounts of power from Kariba Dam over the past several months.
As of October 16, 2024, the ZPC Kariba South Power Station was generating a meagre 184MW, compared to its installed capacity of 1,050MW.
According to the ZRA, the lake level has been steadily decreasing due to low inflow, reaching 476.30m (5.56% usable storage) on October 15, 2024, compared to 478.40m (20.23% usable storage) on the same date last year.
More: <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

Zimbabwe will keep making electricity at Kariba Dam, even though there's not much water because of drought. Zambia was going to shut down its power station at Kariba because of low water levels. Zimbabwe's Finance Minister said they'll keep generating power from Kariba. The amount of power being made at the dam has been decreasing. The water level in the lake is getting lower each day. Zimbabwe and Zambia share the facility, but only Zambia was planning to close it. Zimbabwe doesn't expect any problems with power generation at Kariba.

Zimbabwe To Continue Power Generation From Kariba Dam Despite Low Water Level

The Zambezi River Authority (ZRA) has allocated a total of 27 billion cubic meters (BCM) of water for power generation in 2025, up from 16 BCM it allocated for 2024.
This water will be shared equally between Zambia’s ZESCO Limited and the Zimbabwe Power Company (ZPC).
ZRA announced this update on September 27, 2024, which includes information about water allocation at Kariba Dam, the outlook for rainfall in the Kariba Catchment area, and current water levels in the reservoir.
In making this allocation, ZRA considered the weather forecast from the Southern African Climate Outlook Forum (SARCOF), which predicts conditions for the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region during the 2024/2025 rainfall season. Said ZRA:
<blockquote>
During the Southern African Climate Outlook Forum (SARCOF) held in Harare, Zimbabwe in August 2024, local, regional and international weather experts provided the forecast for the upcoming 2024/2025 rainfall season.
The forum predicted that the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region, which includes the Kariba Catchment, is likely to experience Normal to Above- Normal rainfall during the 2024/2025 rainfall season. Furthermore, it was indicated that the season would commence during the last quarter of 2024.
In addition to the SARCOF projections, the Meteorological Departments of Zambia and Zimbabwe provided the associated downscaled forecasts.
Both forecasts indicate that the Kariba Lower Catchment (covering northern Zimbabwe) and the North-eastern Angola section of the Zambezi River Catchment are likely to receive Below-Normal rainfall from October 2024 to January 2025.
This could negatively impact river inflows into Lake Kariba during that period.
</blockquote>
ZRA added that based on hydrological simulations and consultations, it has decided to allocate a total of 27 billion cubic meters (BCM) of water for power generation at Kariba Dam in 2025.
This water will be divided equally, with ZESCO Limited and the Zimbabwe Power Company (ZPC) each receiving 13.5 BCM.
This water allocation will be reviewed at the end of March 2025, considering the actual rainfall, river inflows, and current water levels in the dam.
In December 2023, ZRA had allocated 16 billion cubic metres of water for 2024, also shared equally between ZESCO and ZPC.
As of September 23, 2024, the usable water storage in Lake Kariba was only 7%, compared to 22.88% on the same date in 2023.
In recent months, ZPC has been generating a maximum of 215 MW of power at the Kariba South Hydro Power Station after ZRA reduced the water supply to the two power plants.
More: <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

The Zambezi River Authority will give more water to make electricity in 2025. They will give 27 billion cubic meters of water, up from 16 billion in 2024. Zambia and Zimbabwe will split the water equally. The decision was based on weather forecasts predicting normal to above-normal rainfall. The water will be reviewed in March 2025. In September 2024, Lake Kariba had very little water compared to the year before. The power companies will get the water they need to generate electricity.

Zambezi River Authority Increases Water Allocation For Power Generation In 2025

Zimbabwe and Zambia have completed the Kariba Dam wall rehabilitation project, which involved reshaping the plunge pool at the bottom of the dam wall to protect it from erosion.
The Kariba Dam Rehabilitation Project was funded by the African Development Bank, and the European Union with counterpart funding by Zambia and Zimbabwe.
The rehabilitation of the reservoir had two work components – the plunge pool reshaping and the spillway refurbishment.
Over the years, water falling from the dam’s sluice gates eroded the rock floor at the foot of the dam wall, creating an 80m-deep pool.
In 2023, Zambezi River Authority (ZRA) chief executive officer Munyaradzi Munodawafa said the plunge pool has progressively deepened on account of the forces of the spilling water jets, adding that this could result in catastrophic dam failure.
Engineers feared that the abrasion within the plunge pool would one day threaten the dam’s foundations, and they came up with a solution – reshape the pool.
Zimbabwe’s Minister of Energy and Power Development, Edgar Moyo, said:
<blockquote>
There was a need to reshape the plunge pool to create a new stepped profile aimed at decreasing the amount of swirling, improving energy dissipation and guiding the spilling water away from the dam foundation.
</blockquote>
According to <a href="https://newzwire.live/feat-of-engineering-eu-funded-kariba-dam-wall-rehabilitation-project-now-complete/">newZWire</a>, had this not been done, there was a risk that Kariba would one day collapse, risking the lives of 500,000 people, and the economic impact would be at least US$20 billion.
The EU then provided 113 million euros for the project, under its Global Gateway strategy to promote green energy.
Further funding came from AfDB (US$75 million), World Bank (US$75 million) and the Swedish government (US$25 million) for technical support and contract supervision.
ZRA, co-owned by the governments of Zimbabwe and Zambia, provided a further US$19.2 million.
Acting CEO of ZRA, Temba Mhlanga, said that the work to reshape the pool meant digging out and hauling over 300,000 cubic metres of rock from the site, using drill and blasting. He said:
<blockquote>
This is a unique feature. No other dam has had its plunge pool reshaped whilst it’s in existence. Current technology is to create the pool as you build the dam, for the obvious reasons of the dangers of using explosives just downstream to the toe of the dam. It had to be controlled blasting.
</blockquote>
A concrete slab was installed as a lining to protect the bottom of the dam. This construction work was carried out by the French contractor Razel-Bec, which began the project in 2017. The pool is now set to be refilled with water.
Henrik Hololei, Hors Classe Adviser of the European Commission said:
<blockquote>
Today we are witnessing here the inauguration of one of the most impressive EU-funded engineering projects in Africa.
The Kariba Dam, its monitoring system, the cofferdam, and the plunge pool excavation represent European engineering at its best.
The excavation works were completed in 16 months, which included blasting and hauling a volume of solid rock that could fill more than 120 Olympic swimming pools.
</blockquote>
A second part of the project is to replace the six sluice gates, which are used as a spillway to release water from the dam.
Work is underway to replace the gates, funded by the World Bank, AfDB and the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA).
The contractor is General Electric-Freyssinet and Gruner-Stucky is providing the engineering services. Completion is expected in 2025.
More: <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

Zimbabwe and Zambia fixed the Kariba Dam to stop it from breaking. They reshaped the pool at the bottom of the dam. The project was paid for by the EU, African Development Bank, and both countries. If they didn't fix the dam, many people would have been hurt, and lots of money lost. The pool now needs to be filled with water. Now they are working on replacing the gates of the dam. This will be finished in 2025. Many countries are helping to make sure the dam is safe.

EU-funded Kariba Dam Wall Rehabilitation Project Now Complete

The Zambezi River Authority (ZRA) says the water level in Kariba Dam continues to fall, with the current lake level at 477.33m, as of 04 June 2024, compared to 479.65m in the same period last year.
In a statement, ZRA said the usable live storage (for power generation) was 12.82%, as of 04 June 2024, compared to 29.27 in the same period last year.
Kariba Dam’s water level is steadily decreasing due to low inflow because of below-normal rainfall received in the 2023/24 season.
The dam was designed to operate between levels of 475.50m and 488.50m (with 0.70m freeboard) for hydropower generation for Zimbabwe and Zambia.
The 475.50m is the Minimum Operating Level (MOL) and is where the inlet valves are located. Below that level, no water flows in for power generation.
The Zimbabwe Power Company (ZPC), a subsidiary of ZESA Holdings, on 05 June 2024, was generating 500 MW at the Kariba South Power Station.
Independent Power Producers were generating 45 MW, while ZPC’s coal-fired power plant in Hwange was producing 864 MW.
More: <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

Kariba Lake Level Steadily Decreasing Due To Low Inflow

The Zambezi River Authority (ZRA) said that water cannot be recycled by pumping it back into the reservoir after it has been used to generate electricity due to existing agreements among countries that depend on the Zambezi River.
ZRA stated that once the water has passed through the turbines, it follows its natural course downstream.
Early this year, ZRA drastically reduced water allocations to Zambia and Zimbabwe’s power utilities for electricity generation citing dwindling water levels caused by the low inflows due to the El Nino-induced drought.
In response to a query by a concerned Zambian citizen, ZRA also stated that while recycling water might seem like a sustainable practice, the energy required to pump water back into the reservoir would be equivalent to the energy generated during hydropower production. Therefore, from an economic standpoint, it is not feasible. It said:
<blockquote>
Once power is generated at Kariba, Mozambique awaits its turn to harness the same water for its own power generation.
Take note that existing bilateral agreements prohibit pumping water back into the reservoir. Additionally, it is worth noting that the energy required to pump water back into the reservoir above the 128-meter dam wall equals the amount of power generated, making it economically unviable.
Nevertheless, plans are underway to construct additional dams upstream of Kariba, where Zesco Limited and ZPC – Zimbabwe Power Company (ZPC) will generate power, offering a promising solution for future power needs.
</blockquote>
ZRA also explained why Zimbabwe and Zambia share the Zambezi River equally despite most of the inflows coming from the Zambian side. It said:
<blockquote>
The Zambezi River Authority is a bilateral, statutory body jointly owned by the Governments of Zambia and Zimbabwe. Although Zimbabwe contributes 40% and Zambia contributes 60% to the Zambezi catchment, the organization operates on a bilateral basis, ensuring that all industrial, economic, and social benefits along the common border (from Kazungula to Kanyemba/Luangwa) are shared equally, at 50% each.
</blockquote>
Another Zambian citizen suggested that ZRA should migrate to other cleaner sources of energy and abandon hydroelectricity altogether. ZRA responded:
<blockquote>
The solution doesn’t lie in abandoning hydro-power generation, but rather in maximizing its potential by building more hydroelectric schemes along the same river.
This approach would enable power generation at multiple stations using the same water, increasing efficiency and productivity.
For example, the Zambezi River Authority has ambitious plans to construct two dams between Victoria Falls and Kariba Dam, as well as another dam downstream of Kariba Dam.
This strategy would optimize water utilization for power generation, ensuring a more sustainable and efficient use of this valuable resource.
</blockquote>
Meanwhile, ZRA refrained from commenting directly on the plans of the Zimbabwe Power Company (ZPC) and Zambia Electricity Supply Corporation Limited (ZESCO) to address load-shedding.
However, the Authority hinted that both entities might have strategies in place, such as importing power or augmenting their supply from existing sources.
ZRA revealed that this year’s inadequate inflows into the Barotse flood plains have led to restricted downstream flow. As a result, Lake Kariba’s water levels have significantly decreased.
More: <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

ZRA Rules Out Recycling Lake Kariba Water For Electricity Generation

The Zambezi River Authority (ZRA), a body corporate jointly established by Zambia and Zimbabwe to manage the Zambezi River Basin, has noted a slight rise in the water level at Lake Kariba.
In its latest update on Wednesday, April 17 2024, ZRA said that the Lake level has steadily been increasing with records of fluctuations being observed due to low outflow from the reservoir.
While the lake level recorded on April 17 2024 (13.88% usable live storage) was significantly lower than was recorded on the same day in 2023 (23.47% usable live storage), there has been a slight increase compared to last week.
On Wednesday, April 10, 2024, ZRA said the lake level had steadily been decreasing, due to low inflow and reduced rainfall activity on and around the lake. The usable live storage last Wednesday was 13.59% but rose by 0.29% during the week to 13.88% today.
Last month, ZRA revealed that it had decided to maintain the 16 BCM water allocation over the first quarter of 2024 to Zimbabwe and Zambia’s power utilities, ZESA and ZESCO respectively, for power generation. ZRA said:
<blockquote>
Given that the outcome of the rainfall forecast is generally below normal, the Authority has maintained the 16 BCM water allocation over the first quarter of 2024, providing for a combined annual average power production of 428MW, shared equally.
Based on the water allocation of 8 BCM per power utility, translating to an average power production of 214MW per Utility to the end of March 2024 when the 1st Quarter 2024 hydrological review falls due as per the standing operational framework for Kariba dam reservoir operations.
</blockquote>
More: <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

Kariba Lake Level Rises As ZRA Reduces Water For Power Generation

The Zambezi River Authority (ZRA) on Tuesday, March 19, reported that the water level of Lake Kariba is declining, which is in contrast to its usual hydrological behaviour during this time of the year.
The ZRA attributes this phenomenon to global El Niño weather conditions. El Niño disrupts normal weather patterns, affecting precipitation and river inflow.
The headwaters of the Zambezi River have experienced reduced rainfall activity, leading to diminished inflow into Lake Kariba. Consequently, the recorded flows are below historical averages.
The Chavuma gauging station, situated in Zambia’s North-Western province, monitors river flows as the Zambezi River enters Zambia from Angola. Recent data indicates a slow increase in river flows at this station. However, it remains below the levels observed during the same period last year.
According to ZRA, on March 06 2023, the river flow at Chavuma gauging station was 992m3/s on March 06 2023, whereas on March 06 2024, it was 357m3/s. On March 19, 2023, it was 924m3/s, compared to 371m3/s recorded today, March 19, 2024. ZRA said:
<blockquote>
The Zambezi River flow recorded on 19th March 2024 at Victoria Falls has receded from that recorded on 6th March 2024 as indicated below.
Further, the obtaining flows are significantly lower than those recorded on the same date last year.
</blockquote>
On March 06 2023, the river flow at Victoria Falls Gauging Station (Nanas Farm Gauging Station) was 2,569m3/s on March 06 2023, whereas on March 06 2024, it was 794m3/s. On March 19, 2023, it was 2,510m3/s , compared to 751m3/s recorded today, March 19, 2024.
The impacts of low water levels at Lake Kariba include reduced power generation which results in increased load shedding; fluctuations disrupt habitats, breeding grounds, and aquatic life; ships, boats, and ferries face challenges due to shallow waters; and low water levels impact recreational activities such as fishing, boating, and wildlife safaris.
ZRA has also given a detailed explanation of the concepts of Live Storage and Dead Storage at Kariba Dam. It said:
<blockquote>
The water from the Kariba Reservoir is transferred into each of the two power stations for power generation purposes by intakes that are located within the reservoir and near the dam wall.
Owing to the location of the intakes in terms of their height when referenced with the base of the reservoir, the waters of the Kariba Reservoir are split into two, namely, water that is situated below the height of the intakes, which is referred to as Dead Storage, and water that is located above the height of the intakes, which is referred to as Live Storage.
Dead Storage, by virtue of being below the intakes, cannot enter the intakes and hence cannot be used for power generation, while Live Storage, by virtue of being above the intakes, enters the power stations through the intakes and hence can be used for power generation.
It is possible to have a scenario where Live Storage can be completely exhausted while Dead Storage continues to be available in the reservoir.
</blockquote>
Currently, Kariba Dam has a Live Storage of 9.17 BCM which represents 14.16% of the possible 65 BCM of water. ZRA further explained:
<blockquote>
The Kariba Dam Reservoir at full capacity can store 181 Billion Cubic Meters (BCM) of water. Of this total amount, 116 BCM would be Dead Storage while 65 BCM would be Live Storage. The Dead Storage remains constant while the maximum possible Live Storage is 65 BCM.
However, the actual Live Storage amount may be less depending on several factors including the occurrence of rainfall which influences the level and volume of Zambezi River inflow into the Lake, evaporation from the Lake and utilization of the obtaining Live Storage by the two Power Stations.
These factors influence the volume of available Live Storage in the Kariba Dam’s Reservoir (Lake Kariba).
Currently, the Reservoir at the obtaining lake level of 477.54 meters above Mean Sea Level has a Live Storage of 9.17 BCM which represents 14.16% of the possible 65 BCM of water.
</blockquote>
More: <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

"Kariba Dam Water Level Is Falling When It Should Be Rising"

In the tranquil fishing community of Gatche Gatche, nestled along the shores of Lake Kariba, a chilling legend has taken root.
Residents speak in hushed tones of a crocodile with supernatural powers—a creature that has allegedly claimed the lives of more than 21 people, primarily fishermen.
But it’s not the sheer number of victims that sets this reptile apart; it’s the gruesome manner of their demise.
Locals have christened this elusive giant reptile as “Macheni” because of the crocodile’s peculiar taste for human private parts.
Victims consistently lose these intimate body parts, while the rest of their bodies remain untouched.
Some even speculate that Macheni is no ordinary predator. Instead, it serves as a weapon, wielded by an individual possessing potent “magical powers.”
This mysterious figure allegedly employs the harvested private parts for dark arts.
Kariba residents, who shared their accounts with <a href="https://www.hmetro.co.zw/the-terror-of-kariba-with-a-taste-for-human-private-partszimparks-spokesperson-tinashe-farawo-responding-to-h-metro-enquiries-has-told-this-newspaper-that-residents-of-the-affe/">H-Metro</a>, insist that Macheni is no mere crocodile. They believe it is a phantom, slipping through the murky waters undetected.
Officials from the Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Management Authority (Zimparks) have reportedly struggled to track down and eliminate this enigmatic creature.
Residents also allege that most, if not all, of the attacks have occurred in a concentrated region.
Tinashe Farawo, Zimparks spokesperson, acknowledges the community’s belief that Macheni transcends the natural realm. He said:
<blockquote>
A total of 32 lives were lost from crocodile attacks in Lake Kariba, between Sanyati River and the Lake Kariba Dam Wall, between 2016 and 2023.
Between 2016 and 2023, 38 crocodiles were eliminated during the same period. Over 40 crocodiles were also captured and translocated.
As from 2019, legal and illegal gill netting fishers in Gatche Gatche area assumed that crocodile attacks taking place in the Tsetse Island general area were caused by one crocodile.
While the fact that the attacks are caused by only one crocodile remains an assumption, efforts have been made by Zimparks to assess the area and to eliminate suspect crocodiles in the general area.
The community has named the alleged crocodile “Macheni.” Reasons for the assumption that the crocodile attacks were caused by one crocodile emanated from the fact that most of the attacks were taking place in one general area.
“The fishers have a belief that the crocodile is a spiritual crocodile and this is the reason they named it “Macheni,” since they claim that the crocodile used to only remove testicles from men after the attack.”
</blockquote>
Farawo said that their observations have revealed that the crocodile attacks in this area were generally taking place at night. He added:
<blockquote>
Gill netting at night is not allowed, it is actually conducted by poachers. The area of concern is not a legal fishing ground, which they also called “Macheni Bay”. Illegal fishers usually delay giving reports of attacks and this makes follow up difficult.
The reasons why most of the attacks were taking place in this general area were that many people were flocking to this area to do illegal fishing, this is probably because they were enjoying good fish catches in this area.
It is also a fact that crocodiles also feed on fish and they also tend to flock areas with more fish and this has caused this conflict. 
More than 7 crocodiles have been eliminated in the general area between 2020 and 2023, however, the Gatche Gatche community has maintained that the alleged “Macheni” is still alive. 
Several attempts to eliminate the alleged crocodile were done way after the crocodile attacks, since all reports are received days after the attacks, making the searches difficult. 
We have also called upon the Gatche Gatche community to help to identify the alleged crocodile so that we eliminate it once it has been spotted.
We are continuing working with the fishers association to identification of the alleged crocodile.
</blockquote>
Farawo said between December and January this year, Zimparks intensified anti-poaching patrols at Tsetse Island and removed all poachers, who periodically put illegal shelters.
He said since then, no person has been attacked by crocodiles at the alleged “Macheni Bay”.
Farawo added that once the specific crocodile is positively identified, Zimparks will take decisive action to eliminate the threat it poses.
More: <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

“Macheni”: The Enigmatic Crocodile Of Lake Kariba That Allegedly Feeds On Human Privates

The Zambezi River Authority (ZRA) has directed Zimbabwe and Zambia’s power utilities, ZESA Holdings, and ZESCO Limited to maintain average power production at 214MW until the end of March 2024.
ZRA reduced the water allocation for power generation to the two power utilities by 47%, from 30 billion cubic metres (BCM) in 2023 to 16 BCM in 2024.
In a statement, ZRA said a hydrological review in the coming weeks could result in an increment, reduction or the keeping of the prevailing 8 BCM allocation. ZRA said:
<blockquote>
Given that the outcome of the rainfall forecast is generally below normal, the Authority has maintained the 16 BCM water allocation over the first quarter of 2024, providing for a combined annual average power production of 428MW, shared equally.
Based on the water allocation of 8BCM per power utility, translating to an average power production of 214MW per Utility to the end of March 2024 when the 1st Quarter 2024 hydrological review falls due as per the standing operational framework for Kariba dam reservoir operations.
The hydrological review will among other factors considering the actual performance of the 2023/2024 rainfall season and the resulting inflows into the lake over the first quarter of the year 2024.
The results of the hydrological simulations could result in an increment, reduction or the keeping of the prevailing 2024 water allocation as is.
</blockquote>
ZRA also said to date, the Kariba Catchment has recorded below-normal rainfall due to the persisting effects of El Niño weather conditions.
It warned that there is a possibility that Kariba inflows this rainy season will be one of the lowest on record
ZRA urged the power utilities to adhere strictly to their respective water allocation thresholds to sustain generation to the end of the year.
The Zimbabwe Power Company (ZPC) has been generating between 500 MW and 650 MW at Kariba Hydro over the past few weeks, but this Thursday, 07 March, generation had been reduced to a paltry 300 MW.
This week, most parts of the country have been spending up to 15 hours without electricity after weeks of relatively constant power supply.
Zimbabwe’s power demand stands at 2 100MW, yet today, ZPC was generating 684 MW from Hwange, and 300 MW from Kariba, with IPPs producing 28 MW to give a total of 1 012 MW.
More: <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

Kariba Power Generation Slashed To 214 MW

<h2>Statement by the Zambezi River Authority (ZRA) on the hydrological situation of the Kariba Catchment at Kariba Dam:</h2>
<blockquote>
The Zambezi River Authority (the Authority) hereby informs the public in the two Contracting States (the Republics of Zambia and Zimbabwe) that in line with its mandate, it has continued to monitor the hydrological outlook of the Kariba Catchment closely.
Zambezi River Flows at Chavuma
The Zambezi River flows at one of the key Authority’s flows monitoring gauging stations, Chavuma, rose from a flow of 350m3/s recorded on 1st January 2024, registering a peak flow of 530m3/s recorded on 23rd January 2024, after which the flows have receded down to 357m3/s recorded on 6th March 2024, compared to the flow of 992m3/s recorded on 6th March 2023.
Zambezi River Flows at Victoria Falls
The Zambezi River flows at Victoria Falls rose from 492 m3/s recorded on 1st January 2024 to a flow of 800 m3/s recorded on 4th March 2024 after which the flows have been receding, subsequently recording a flow of 794m3/s on 6th March 2024, compared to the flow of 2,569m3/s recorded on the same date last year.
Kariba Lake Levels
The Lake level rose from a 1st January 2024 recorded level of 477.24m with 7.80 Billion Cubic Meters (BCM) of stored usable water, representing live storage of 12%, to a peak of 477.87m with 10.68 BCM of stored usable water or 16.49% live storage recorded on 29th January 2024.
During the first week of February 2024, the lake level registered a sluggish increase. It began steadily decreasing thereafter due to low inflow and reduced rainfall activity on and around the lake associated with the below-average rainfall received under the 2023/2024 rainfall season in the Kariba catchment.
Subsequently, the recorded lake level on 6th March was 477.66m with 9.72 Billion Cubic Meters (BCM) of stored usable water or 15.00% live storage. On the same date last year, the recorded lake level was slightly higher at 477.68m with 9.81 BCM of stored usable water or 15.15% live storage.
Update of the 2023/2024 Seasonal Rainfall Outlook
To-date, the Kariba Catchment has recorded below-normal rainfall owing to the persisting effects of El Niño weather conditions globally and over the Southern African region, in particular. According to the predictions published by the 28th meeting of the Southern Africa Regional Climate l Outlook Forum (SARCOF-28) at the end of January 2024, indications were that the larger part of the Kariba Catchment was likely to receive Normal-To-Below-Normal Rainfall during the peak of the 2023/24 rainy season i.e. February to April 2024. Practically the whole of the Kariba Catchment has received Below-Normal Rainfall and this has been projected to extend to the period of March to May 2024.
As announced in December 2023, based on the rainfall outlook from an ensemble of climate centres of excellence available in Quarter 4 of 2023, the Authority allocated a total of 16 Billion Cubic Meters (BCM) of water for power generation operations at Kariba for the year 2024, to be shared equally between the two Kariba Power Generation Utilities; namely, ZESCO Limited (ZESCO) and Zimbabwe Power Company (ZPC)/Kariba Hydro Power Company (KHPC).
Way Forward
Given that the outcome of the rainfall forecast is generally below normal, the Authority has maintained the 16 BCM water allocation over the first quarter of 2024, providing for a combined annual average power production of 428MW, shared equally.
Based on the water allocation of 8 BCM per power utility, translating to an average power production of 214MW per Utility to the end of March 2024 when the 1st Quarter 2024 hydrological review falls due as per the standing operational framework for Kariba dam reservoir operations.
The hydrological review will among other factors considering the actual performance of the 2023/2024 rainfall season and the resulting inflows into the lake over the first quarter of the year 2024.
The results of the hydrological simulations could result in an increment, reduction or the keeping of the prevailing 2024 water allocation as is.
The Authority will continue monitoring the hydrometeorological performance of the Kariba Catchment as evolving under the prevailing El Niño climate conditions and keep the public informed of any new positive or negative developments.
Given that the Kariba inflows are so far below average, with a possibility of registering as one of the lowest on record, the Power Utilities have been advised to maintain strict adherence to their respective water allocation thresholds to sustain generation to the end of the year.
The Zambezi River Authority is a Bi-National organization mandated to contribute to the economic, industrial, and social development of the Republics of Zambia and Zimbabwe by obtaining the greatest possible benefits from the natural advantages offered by the waters of the Zambezi River (between Zambia and Zimbabwe) through the most economical and effective means of providing water for generation of electricity and for other purposes which the Contracting States may decide upon.
</blockquote>
More: <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

FULL TEXT: Zambezi River Authority Update On River Flows, Kariba Dam Level & Seasonal Rainfall Outlook

The Zambezi River Authority (ZRA) has reduced the amount of water allotted for power generation at the Kariba Dam by 47% to 16 billion cubic metres (BCM) from 30 BCM.
In a recent statement, ZRA said that the reduction in the amount of water allotted for power generation in 2024 was necessitated by low water levels in the largest man-made lake and the anticipated normal to below normal 2023/2024 rainfall season in part of Kariba’s catchment area.
Zambia Electricity Supply Authority (ZESCO) and Zimbabwe Power Company (ZPC), a ZESA power generation unit, will each receive an allocation of 8 BCM starting this week, down from the current 15 BCM.
ZPC operates the Kariba South Hydroelectric Power Station and ZESCO manages the Kariba North Bank Power Station. Said ZRA:
<blockquote>
ZRA hereby announces that it has allocated 16 BCM of water to be shared equally between the two power utilities (ZESCO and ZPC) for their power generation operations at Kariba for the year 2024.
The 2024 water allocation was informed by the 2023/2024 rainfall forecasts made by the Southern Africa Climate Outlook Forum-27 and the corresponding downscaled projections by the National Metrological Agencies of Zambia and Zimbabwe, which all showed a high probability of a normal to below normal 2023/2024 rainfall season for the Kariba Lower Catchment and normal to above normal rainfall season for the Kariba Upper Catchment.
This general outlook is highly influenced by the increasing occurrence of El Niño weather conditions, which are expected to significantly negatively impact the rainfall season in southern Africa.
Hydrological simulations carried out by the authority using the Kariba Inflow Forecasting System that is based on satellite rainfall measurements and numerical weather forecasts, providing short-term and seasonal flow forecasts, considering the high likelihood of a below-average rainfall season which, in turn, will likely result in below average inflows into Lake Kariba thereby negatively impacting the volume of water available for power generation during the year 2024.
Accordingly, power utilities have been advised to consider alternative sources of power to complement generation at Kariba to fill any power generation deficit that could arise due to the lower water allocation at Kariba for the year 2024.
</blockquote>
The downward revision of the water allocation for 2024 for ZPC and ZESCO negatively will impact power generation in Zimbabwe and Zambia and will most likely result in increased load shedding.
Kariba South Hydroelectric Power Station is Zimbabwe’s most reliable power plant. Hwange Power Station is now very old and two units that were commissioned this year have a combined capacity of 600MW, about a third of the country’s electricity needs.
More: <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

Kariba Dam Water Allocation For Electricity Generation Slashed By 47%

The Zambezi River Authority (ZRA) has said the excavation of the plunge pool, a key component of the Plunge Pool reshaping sub-project of the Kariba Dam Rehabilitation Project (KDRP), has been completed.
In a statement issued on Tuesday, 26 December, ZRA said about 750 000 tonnes of rock have been excavated coupled with the stabilisation of 20 000m² of slopes using anchors and shot-crete. ZRA said:
<blockquote>
The Zambezi River Authority (the Authority) is pleased to announce that excavation of the plunge pool, a key milestone in the Plunge Pool reshaping sub-project of the Kariba Dam Rehabilitation Project (KDRP), has been completed.
In total, about 300,100 m³ (about 750 000 tons) of rock have been excavated through meticulous drilling and controlled blasting, coupled with the stabilisation of 20,000 m² of slopes using anchors and shotcrete.
</blockquote>
ZRA said the project is being financed through a grant from the European Union. It said:
<blockquote>
The Plunge Pool Reshaping works contract, supervised by the Zambezi River Authority with Gruner Stucky (a Swiss company) as Engineer, is being financed through a grant from the European Union.
The National Authorising Office (NAO) of the European Development Fund under the Ministry of Finance and National Planning (Zambia) contracted the services of Razel-Bec (a French company) as the contractor who commenced works in May 2017.
While the excavation works are now 100% complete, the overall project is now 93% complete. In total, 550,000m3 of water (99% of the plunge pool volume) have been pumped out of the 80m deep plunge pool.
Of note is the fact that despite the high-risk nature of the project, no adverse environmental, health and safety standards have been violated, nor have fatalities recorded thus far.
</blockquote>
ZRA said the final phase of the project will commence before the end of 2023 and the focus will be strengthening the geological fault zone that is located immediately downstream of the dam, among other things. It added:
<blockquote>
This will be achieved through constructing a reinforced concrete slab that will cover the weak-rock zone to protect it from possible future erosion.
Upon completion of this concreting work, the plunge pool will be rewatered (i.e., re-filled with water). This refilling will not in any way affect river levels downstream.
The objective of the plunge pool excavation works was to widen and change the shape of the 80m plunge pool which was created by the immense pressure of the ejected water jets during spilling episodes.
This major milestone has been made possible through joint collaborative efforts between a resolute and hardworking team of experts from the Authority, the NAO, the contractor, subcontractors, co-financiers of the KDRP (the African Development Bank, the European Union, the Swedish Government and the World Bank) and, indeed, relentless commitment from exceptionally skilled project support staff.
</blockquote>
ZRA said the target date for completion of the Plunge Pool Reshaping Project is by the end of the second quarter of 2024.
It also said to date, the overall project (including the Spillway Refurbishment sub-project) is about 80% complete.
The KDRP comprises three main components, namely, the Reshaping of the Plunge Pool, the Refurbishment of the Spillway Upstream Control Facility, and Institutional Strengthening, ZRA further explained.
It is anticipated that the project will close in 2025 upon completion of the spillway refurbishment sub-project.
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More: <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

Excavation Work On Kariba Dam Plunge Pool Complete - ZRA

The Zambezi River Authority (ZRA) on Tuesday, 18 July 2023, issued an update on the water situation in the Kariba Catchment and lake levels at the Kariba Dam. Read the update below:
<blockquote>
UPDATE ON WATER LEVELS AT LAKE KARIBA
Lusaka, 18th July 2023 – The Zambezi River Authority (the Authority) hereby updates the public regarding the water situation in the Kariba Catchment and lake levels at the Kariba Dam as the third quarter of the year 2023 progresses.
With the 2022/23 rainfall season having effectively ended in April 2023, the Kariba Catchment is no longer experiencing any rainfall activities.
As per normal trend following the end of a rainfall season, flows of the Zambezi River and its tributaries are now receding and this downward trend is expected to continue until the commencement of the next rainfall season (2023/2024 rainfall season).
ZAMBEZI RIVER FLOWS AS MONITORED AT CHAVUMA GAUGING STATION
The Zambezi River flow recorded at Chavuma on 18th July 2023 was 241 m3/s. The flow recorded on the same date in 2022 was marginally lower at 235 m3/s.
The highest peak reached at this station under the just-ended 2022/2023 rainfall season was 2,614 m3/s recorded on 15th April 2023.
The current recession will continue until the commencement of the upcoming 2023/2024 rainfall season.
ZAMBEZI RIVER FLOWS AS MONITORED AT VICTORIA FALLS GAUGING STATION
The Zambezi River flows recorded at Victoria Falls have also been in recession since the start of June 2023.
The flow recorded on 18th July 2023 was 950 m3/s. The flow recorded on the same date in 2022 was lower at 873 m3/s.
The highest peak reached at this station under the now-ended 2022/2023 rainfall season was 2,718 m3/s recorded on 27th May 2023.
The current recession will continue up to the time the 2023/2024 rainfall season commences.
LAKE LEVELS RECORDED AT KARIBA
The Lake level has risen from being just over the Minimum Operating Level of 475m in January 2023 to over 479 m recorded as the month of June 2023 ended.
More recently, on 18th July 2023, the recorded lake level was 479.87m which translates to 20 Billion Cubic Meters (BCM) or 30.87% of usable storage meant for power generation by the two utilities – ZESCO Limited and Zimbabwe Power Company (ZPC) who operate the Kariba North Bank Power Station and Kariba South Power Station, respectively.
On the same date in 2022, the recorded lake level was 479.94m with 20.33 BCM of usable water or 31.37% live storage.
The current level places the lake at 4.37 meters above the Minimum Operating Level (MOL) of 475.50m.
WATER ALLOCATION FOR POWER GENERATION AT KARIBA
The Authority allocated 40 BCM in September 2022 for the power generation in 2023 at the Kariba Complex to be shared equally between Zimbabwe Power Company-owned Kariba South Bank and ZESCO Ltd-owned Kariba North Bank power stations.
The allocation was informed by projections from the Southern Africa Regional Climate Outlook Forum (SARCOF)-26 that was held in August 2022 and further reconfirmed by the downscaled positions of the Metrological Agencies of Zambia and Zimbabwe, which both projected that the SADC and Kariba catchment region was to experience Normal to Above Normal for the 2022/23 rainfall season.
The actual performance of the 2022/23 rainfall season for the lower Kariba catchment, however, turned out to be Normal to Below Normal.
Accordingly, through the first quarter hydrological analysis, the Authority reduced the water allocation from 40 BCM to 30 BCM to be shared equally between ZESCO and ZPC at their Kariba Stations.
In this regard, the Authority will keep the public informed accordingly.
</blockquote>
More: <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

Zambezi River Authority Update On Water Levels At Lake Kariba | Full Statement

ZESA Holdings is managing its water allocation from the Zambezi River Authority (ZRA) for power generation at Kariba South Bank Hydro Power Plant to ensure that it does not exhaust its share prematurely.
This was said by ZESA consultant (international business) Cletus Nyachowe during <a href="https://www.sundaymail.co.zw/hwange-units-1-6-refurb-begins">an interview</a> with State media. He said:
<blockquote>
The Zambezi River Authority, which manages water in Kariba Dam and allocates a certain amount of water to ZPC and ZESCO of Zambia for power generation, has given us the latitude to vary our power output from Kariba on condition that our overall water condition is maintained within its set limits.
Another point you may want to note is that when you see us generating between 800MW and 892MW at Kariba, that power output is probably on for an hour or less.
During the day, it is regulated up and down as and when required. So, normally that maximum output is only generated during peak demand periods.
We are operating Kariba very carefully and within our water limits.
</blockquote>
In January this year, ZRA announced plans to review the Tripartite Water Purchase Agreement to stiffen penalties against the over-utilisation of Lake Kariba and Zambezi River water.
ZRA Chief Executive, Munyaradzi Munodawafa said the Council of Ministers Resolution needed to be fully implemented to effectively regulate the utilisation of water.
He made the remarks during his visit to the Kariba Dam Rehabilitation Project site.
In November 2022, ZRA which runs the Kariba Dam <a href="https://zero.pindula.co.zw/severe-load-shedding-looms-as-zra-tells-zesa-to-shut-down-kariba-power-station/">ordered ZPC to cut electricity generation by half owing to low water levels.</a>
ZRA which is jointly owned by Zimbabwe and Zambia told ZPC that the dam “no longer has any usable water to continue undertaking power generation operations.”
The directive saw ZESA Holdings implementing a tough load-shedding regime that saw consumers being plunged into darkness for at least 20 hours per day.
More: <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

Zambezi River Authority Set Limits On Water Usage At Lake Kariba

Zimbabwe’s electricity crisis will not end any time soon after the Zambezi River Authority (ZRA) this week cut the amount of water allocated to ZESA and ZESCO for power generation at Kariba Dam.
ZESA and Zambia’s power utility ZESCO, equally share water at Kariba Dam for power generation.
ZRA executive officer Munyaradzi Munodawafa told <a href="https://businesstimes.co.zw/setback-as-zra-cuts-water-allocation-at-kariba/">Business Times</a> that ZESA and ZESCO are now utilising 15 billion cubic metres each from 22.5 billion cubic metres, which was allocated for the year 2022.
Speaking to the publication on the sidelines of the Zimbabwe International Trade Fair International Business Conference on Wednesday, Munodawafa said:
<blockquote>
We have cut the water allocation to 15 billion cubic metres each from 22.5 billion metres with immediate effect. 
Last week, we concluded our water allocation reviews and have since written to the power utilities to adhere to the new limits. We are also going to limit their generation load.
</blockquote>
According to Business Times, this is the second worst allocation in the history of ZRA.
The worst allocation was effected in 1995, when ZRA allocated 11 billion cubic metres to the power utilities.
Munodawafa said the reason for the cut is that the region as a whole did not receive normal to above normal as had been forecasted. He said:
<blockquote>
But this did not happen. On the Zimbabwe side, Gwayi River did not register any flow into the lake Kariba. There were, however, some flashes from Sanyati River.
The Angolan catchment which usually supplies more water into Lake Kariba was also below what it used to do.
But what is funny is that the Kafue catchment in Zambia is actually spilling.
However, we will not be that strict until the end of the winter agriculture season in July.
After July, we will be tough with ZESA and ZESCO. Next year, it’s likely to be worse.
</blockquote>
The water cuts come as ZESA this week said it has been engaging ZRA for “more water allocation”.
ZESA general manager, stakeholder relations, communications and welfare, George Manyaya said told Business Times they haven’t received the letter yet from ZRA on the latest water allocation cut.
More: <a href="https://zero.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

ZRA Cuts Kariba Dam Water Allocation For Electricity Generation

The government of Zimbabwe and Zambia have directed the Zambezi River Authority (ZRA) to mediate in negotiations for a clear borderline between the two countries on Lake Kariba’s waters.
The <a href="https://www.theindependent.co.zw/local-news/article/200010155/zra-to-mediate-in-zim-zambia-border-impasse">Zimbabwe Independent</a> reported that the boundary between Zimbabwe and Zambia on the 300-kilometer-long Lake Kariba is not clearly demarcated in many places.
Lake Kariba was built during the federation era when modern Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Malawi were treated by colonialists as one entity.
Since the official dissolution of the federation on 31 December 1963, there has been no clear boundary on Lake Kariba between Zimbabwe and Zambia, formerly Southern Rhodesia and Northern Rhodesia, respectively.
As a result, fishermen and other citizens have been arrested for the alleged transgression by both sides.
Heavy penalties have also been given to fishermen, most of whom would be working without the intention to illegally cross the border.
Last week, during a tour of the Zambezi Basin, officials confirmed that ZRA would mediate talks over the Lake Kariba border issue.
Speaking during the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) experiential tour of Lake Kariba in Siavonga, Zambia, ZRA chief executive officer Munyaradzi Munodawafa, said:
<blockquote>
In some of our activities, ZRA has been asked by authorities in Zimbabwe and Zambia to assist in identifying borderlines between the two countries.
We are working with the two countries’ surveyors’ general offices in re-affirming the borders along Lake Kariba so that they resolve disputes associated with each other’s citizens who are arrested along the dam.
</blockquote>
Zimbabwe’s surveyor general Edwin Guvaza said the two countries have agreed to physically mark the boundary along Lake Kariba to make the boundary more clear. Guvaza said:
<blockquote>
The working relationship between the two sister countries is cordial as far as the reaffirmation exercise of the common boundary is concerned and the medium filum of the Zambezi River is the boundary between the two countries, except along segments where we do have islands featuring along the river, especially around the Victoria Falls segment and along Lake Kariba.
In that regard, we have agreed with our counterparts to physically mark the boundary along Lake Kariba to make the boundary conspicuous, by establishing floating buoys fixed along the boundary. This will enhance fishing activities along the Lake in both countries, to guide fishermen as they carry out their activities on the lake.
As it stands, it is difficult for the fishermen to identify where the boundary is, hence territorial encroachments are bound to happen.
</blockquote>
Kariba Dam was built between 1955 and 1959, with later work adding turbine rooms to generate electricity.
It was completed during the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland and is jointly owned by Zimbabwe and Zambia.
More: <a href="https://zero.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

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