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The World Bank has refuted claims that it played a key role in the conception and launch of Zimbabwe’s new currency, the Zimbabwe Gold (ZiG).
Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe (RBZ) governor John Mushayavanhu recently revealed that Zimbabwean authorities did not know much about structured currency and engaged a World Bank consultant before introducing ZiG.
But speaking to The NewsHawks, the World Bank stated that it only offers policy advice to member states, which then make the final decisions on policy implementation. The bank said:
<blockquote>
We are committed to supporting the government of Zimbabwe in its efforts towards the country’s economic recovery.
This aligns with our goal to create a world free of poverty on a livable planet. This support includes technical expertise and in-depth research and analysis on sectors, such as the latest Zimbabwe Economic Update.
It also includes perspectives on policy and development challenges at the request of clients. Governments tailor this advice to their contexts and ultimately make the final decisions on policy implementation in their countries.
</blockquote>
During an address to business executives soon after the launch of ZiG, Mushayavanhu said the World Bank was instrumental in the introduction of ZiG.
He said he was not to blame for ZiG’s perceived shortcomings, adding “So, if you’re going to blame me, you’re actually blaming the World Bank.” He said:
<blockquote>
We didn’t know much about structured currency. We got a consultant from the World Bank. A lot of the things you’re seeing about the structured currency actually came from the World Bank. So, if you’re going to blame me, you’re actually blaming the World Bank.
Maybe they didn’t advise us properly. And if they did not advise us properly, it’s fine. Let’s refine it.
</blockquote>
Mushayavanhu, has, however, since backtracked from his claims, saying ZiG was a well-thought-out and purely Zimbabwean idea.
More: <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

Pindula News

World Bank Distances Itself From Zimbabwe’s New Currency, ZiG

The World Bank has said power cuts cost Zimbabwe a total of 6.1 per cent of gross domestic product (GDP) per year.
In its fourth Zimbabwe Economic Update report released on Wednesday, 13 December, the World Bank said power shortages are hurting the mining sector which consumes a lot of energy. It said:
<blockquote>
World Bank estimates suggest that Zimbabwe’s power shortages cost the country a total of 6.1% of GDP [gross domestic product] per year, comprising 2.3% of GDP in generation inefficiencies and excessive network losses, and 3.8% of GDP on the downstream costs of unreliable energy…
Electricity deficits are particularly damaging for the mining sector, given its highly energy-intensive characteristics, so unreliable and expensive electricity supplies reduce the margins of existing operations and weigh heavily on the feasibility evaluations for expansions and new projects.
</blockquote>
The World Bank said power cuts were also negatively affecting agricultural and agro-processing sectors by undermining irrigation, as well as cold chain and storage facilities.
It said the tourism sector is also affected as hotels, resorts and tourist attractions face disruption of essential services.
All these effects translate into lower economic growth and lower household incomes, the bank said.
The Washington-based lender said for Zimbabwe to achieve universal electricity access by 2030, large investments are required, especially in solar power and grid expansion.
More: <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

Power Cuts Cost Zimbabwe 6.1% Of GDP - World Bank

Zimbabwe’s economy is projected to slow to 3.5 per cent in 2024, with agricultural output expected to fall due to an El Nino-induced drought, the World Bank has said.
In its latest Zimbabwe Economic Report, released Wednesday, 13 December, the Washington-based lender also said weaker global demand for minerals will negatively impact the country’s economic growth. It said:
<blockquote>
The economy is projected to slow to 3.5 per cent in 2024, as agricultural output is expected to suffer from depressed global growth, especially from China, predicted erratic and below-average rainfall caused by the El Niño weather pattern.
The weaker global demand for minerals will reduce the contribution of the mining sector to economic growth.
The continued implementation of economic reforms, including those outlined in the arrears clearance dialogue, will serve to cool down inflation and relieve exchange rate pressures.
</blockquote>
The World Bank warned that the transfer of the RBZ’s external debt to the Treasury poses liquidity risks, while a rising public wage bill will also squeeze fiscal space. Read the report:
<blockquote>
The transfer of the RBZ’s external debt to the treasury means that interest payments from servicing debt are projected to increase significantly, posing liquidity risks amid limited access to concessional financing. A surging public wage bill will also squeeze fiscal space.
Real allocations to the education, health and social sectors are likely to fall. Management of fiscal policy is likely to remain challenging due to public debt unsustainability.
Overall, fiscal consolidation will be required to restore fiscal sustainability and economic growth.
</blockquote>
The World Bank, however, said transferring external debt from the RBZ to the Government’s budget will enable the RBZ to constrain reserve money growth within acceptable limits and this in turn will enable the RBZ to better stabilize inflation.
It said the transfer may stop RBZ from printing money to service debt payments on these foreign currency liabilities.
More: <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

Zimbabwe's Economy To Slow Down To 3.5% In 2024, Says World Bank

The World Bank has suspended the provision of new funding to Uganda due to its adoption of highly stringent anti-LGBTQ legislation. The law, which includes severe penalties such as the death sentence for certain same-sex acts, is deemed by the World Bank to be in direct contradiction with its core values.
Consequently, the World Bank has opted to halt the disbursement of new funds until it can evaluate and implement measures aimed at preventing discrimination within the projects it financially supports. The World Bank currently maintains an existing portfolio of projects in Uganda totalling $5.2 billion, and these ongoing initiatives will not be impacted by the funding suspension.
Since the law’s enactment in May, it has faced extensive criticism from both local and international human rights organizations, as well as Western governments. However, it has garnered significant support within Uganda itself.
In response to the World Bank’s decision, President Yoweri Museveni of Uganda expressed his disapproval and pledged to explore alternative sources of credit. He also highlighted that Uganda intends to reduce its reliance on borrowing and will not succumb to pressure from foreign institutions that seek to undermine its faith, culture, principles, and sovereignty through financial means. He said:
<blockquote>
It is, therefore, unfortunate that the World Bank and other actors dare to want to coerce us into abandoning our faith, culture, principles and sovereignty, using money. They really underestimate all Africans.
</blockquote>
Museveni emphasised that if the need for borrowing arises, Uganda can seek funding from other sources, with anticipated revenues from oil production, slated to commence by 2025, serving as an additional economic resource.
Museveni expressed the hope that the World Bank would reconsider its stance on the matter.
To address the potential financial ramifications of the funding suspension, the Ugandan government intends to present a revised budget for the fiscal year 2023-2024 (July to June) to parliament for approval. Junior finance minister Henry Musasizi informed lawmakers that the government plans to submit the revised budget within a week, seeking their endorsement.
In June, the United States responded to the enactment of the anti-LGBTQ law by imposing visa restrictions on certain Ugandan officials. President Joe Biden also ordered a review of U.S. aid to Uganda in light of these developments.
A significant number of African countries have laws and cultural attitudes that do not support or recognise the rights of the LGBTQ+ community. Many countries in Africa have legislation that criminalises same-sex relationships and activities, with penalties ranging from fines to imprisonment and, in some cases, even the death penalty.
<h3><a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">More Pindula News</a></h3>

World Bank Suspends Funding To Uganda Over Anti-Gay Law

A senior economist at the World Bank, Dhiraj Sharma, has said the Zimbabwean dollar is rapidly losing value, with 97% of transactions for basic commodities being conducted in United States dollars (US$).
Sharma presented these findings from the poverty, income, consumption, and expenditure surveys (PICES) conducted between July 2020 and January 2023 via telephone interviews by the Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (ZimStat) in partnership with the World Bank and United Nations Children’s Fund. Nine rounds of the PICES survey were conducted during this period. He said:
<blockquote>
One thing that the survey started to track on was the use of foreign currency on domestic transactions.
So overall, we see, to a larger extent, other currencies are being used almost exclusively. People use the Zimbabwe dollar for transactions for about less than 3% of the transactions. And this is for five key food items which are maize meal, cooking oil, rice, beef and bread.
</blockquote>

<ul>
<li><a href="https://news.pindula.co.zw/2023/05/02/rbz-forex-auction-zimbabwe-dollar-official-rate/">RBZ Forex Auction: Zimbabwe Dollar Official Rate </a> </li>
<li><a href="https://news.pindula.co.zw/2023/04/28/some-businesses-reject-zimbabwe-dollar/">Some Businesses Reject Zimbabwe Dollar</a></li>
<li><a href="https://news.pindula.co.zw/2023/04/28/digital-currency-to-stabilise-zimbabwe-dollar-mangudya/">Digital Currency To Stabilise The Zimbabwe Dollar – RBZ </a></li>
</ul>
Sharma reported that the prices of basic commodities are increasing rapidly and the Zimbabwean dollar is losing value, with some goods only being sold in US dollars. The parallel market rate for the US dollar is at $2 700 while the <a href="https://news.pindula.co.zw/2023/05/02/rbz-forex-auction-zimbabwe-dollar-official-rate/">official rate is at $1,097</a>. Sharma also noted that dollarisation is more common in rural areas than in urban areas. He said:
<blockquote>
The US$ is being used for almost two-thirds of the US dollar or the South African rand for transactions, for 9% and the Zimbabwe dollar for 23%.
The use of foreign currency is more widespread in rural areas, which is also a novel finding. Among the five basic food items, the use of foreign currency was higher in some than others, for example cooking oil and rice.
</blockquote>
Sharma said that people are using alternative currencies because the local currency is not functioning properly as a store of value and medium of exchange.
Despite growing calls to redollarise, the government has resisted these efforts. The local currency was reintroduced by President Emmerson Mnangagwa in 2019 after a decade of dollarisation. The currency has been experiencing depreciation since then.
<h2><a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">More Pindula News</a></h2>

World Bank Economist Says 97% Of Transactions In Zimbabwe Are In US$

The <a href="https://www.sundaymail.co.zw/category/business?q=world-bank-approves-300-million-to-improve-access-to-finance-and-economic-opportunities-in-mozambique&amp;pr=248341&amp;lang=en">World Bank</a> has approved a $300 million credit for the Mozambique Access to Finance and Economic Opportunities Project or Mais Oportunidades project.
The project directly supports the Government of Mozambique’s reform initiative, Pacote de Medidas de Aceleração Económica (PAE), including through the creation of a national Credit Guarantee Fund.
The project which spans six years (2023-2029), is financed by the International Development Association (IDA).
Idah Z. Pswarayi-Riddihough, World Bank Country Director for Mozambique, Madagascar, Mauritius, Comoros, and Seychelles said:
<blockquote>
The World Bank will support the Government of Mozambique to address multiple economic shocks and market constraints that prevent micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and individuals, including informal workers, from accessing and using financial services and taking advantage of economic opportunities.
</blockquote>
The National Credit Guarantee Fund is meant to help banks have more money available to lend to small businesses, especially those owned by women and operating in regions or sectors that are affected by climate change. It will also promote economic growth by improving the business environment, expanding market access, and offering training and financing.
The project is expected to help create over 26,000 new jobs over six years.
The combination of credit guarantees and lines of credit aims to mobilize up to $450 million in private-sector loans to MSMEs across the country through partner financial institutions.
In addition, the project will promote financial inclusion by linking members of informal savings groups with formal financial institutions to promote sound resource management and resilience to shocks, particularly for women-owned or led businesses.
Generating enough jobs, particularly green and productive jobs, is a critical challenge for Mozambique. 
<h2><a href="https://zero.pindula.co.zw/">More Pindula News</a></h2>

World Bank Has Approved $300 Million Credit For Mozambique

The World Bank has warned Zimbabwe that there is a need to create an enabling environment for the country to attain its ambitious goal of becoming an upper-middle-income country by 2030.
Speaking at the launch of the Country Economic Memorandum (CEM) in Harare on Wednesday, the World Bank Country Manager Zimbabwe, Marjorie Mpundu said:
<blockquote>
Achieving such an unprecedented target, Zimbabwe will require dramatic improvement in the policy environment to address the binding constraints to productivity growth.
</blockquote>
Local industry is currently grappling with several challenges that include but are not limited to an overregulated environment, liquidity crunch, currency and exchange rate volatility, rising fuel prices, and crippling power cuts.
Mpundu said these have hindered business productivity. She said:
<blockquote>
Formal firms face several business environment constraints that limit productivity.
These include macroeconomic instability and price and exchange rate distortions which have led to limited funding to finance new investments.
Inefficient allocation of resources has discouraged the entry of new, potentially productive firms, forced productive firms to exit, and allowed the survival of less competitive firms.
Informality and low learning from international markets also are among the key drivers behind weak productivity performance.
</blockquote>
Wednesday’s launch of the CEM was the first since 1985.
Mpundu said CEM seeks answers to two questions: what can be done to scale up the productivity of the informal sector and how to boost trade to scale up the productivity of the formal sector.
She said Zimbabwe will need to reach productivity growth rates of 8% to 9% per year in the next seven years to become an upper middle-income economy. | <a href="https://businesstimes.co.zw/world-bank-warns-zim-2/">Business Times</a>

World Bank Warns Zimbabwe

Earlier this week the <a href="https://blogs.worldbank.org/opendata/new-country-classifications-income-level-2019-2020">World Bank released an updated country income classification</a> for its 2020 fiscal year which showed that <a href="https://news.pindula.co.zw/2019/07/04/world-bank-upgrades-zim-to-lower-middle-income/">Zimbabwe had risen to become a from lower income country to the lower-middle-income category</a>.
Twitter user <a href="https://twitter.com/mutungadzimwe">@mutungadzimwe</a> attempted to break down what this means. Here’s the thread:
<blockquote>
1. ZIM NOW A MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRY!! New @WorldBank figures have classified Zim a lower middle income country. Welcome news for a country that has been a basket case for decades due to poor policies. But, what does this mean?
2. On revised WB thresholds, it means Zim had a GNI (total value of goods produced and net earning from abroad) per capita (per person) of US$1,026 – 3,995. This is based on new higher threshold, which makes it a big deal! But really?
3. Well, it’s not quite as it seems! Why? The classification is based on 2018 GNI figures, which are converted to their US$ equivalent. And this is where it all goes a wee bit pear shaped for those celebrating. What was the conversation rate to US$ and what is it now?
4. I believe @WorldBank uses official exchange rates – I am sure to respect it member countries, which for Zim was 1:1 in 2018. But everyone in Zim knows that was fiction, and that rate has since adjusted to US$1:ZW$10, adjusting downwards incomes in Zim (internal devaluation)!!
5. Take a teacher who earned US$350 per month in 2018, currently are getting ~US$35. If you look across the economy, many people and businesses have been affected by this internal devaluation. So the US$ equivalent of 2019 GNI figures are going to be much lower.
6. My informed guess is Zim’s economy will need to grow by ~800% if the country is to maintain this near posh income status. Its like expecting Santa Clause to be distributing presents Muzarabani in Oct using elephant drawn carriages. Nothing against Muzarabani – my rural home!!
7. In short, it’s very unlikely that Zim will be a lower middle income country next year! So let’s make the most of it while it last, let’s mingle with the bigger boys and girls, we might pick up on or two things. But does it really matter that Zim is now in this near posh club?
8. Well, one needs to look at standard of living for the majority of people in the country. Zim is a very unequal society, those who have it, have it all, those with little have nothing. GNI per capita figure say nothing about actual distribution of income, and living standards
9. Rather than getting carried away about our new found status based on GNI figures, I would argue the more informative measure is the Inequality Adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI). It looks beyond GNI and accounts for inequality, which is extreme in Zimbabwe.
10. For those that are celebrating, I know it’s unfair to be ‘raining on your parade’! But I am conscious these latest <a class="twitter-atreply pretty-link js-nav" data-mentioned-user-id="27860681" dir="ltr" href="https://twitter.com/WorldBank"><s>@</s>WorldBank</a> figures have somewhat become a basis for propaganda about the fortunes for those struggling in Zim. Disclaimer: I am criticising the World Bank
11. I genuinely wish that Zim becomes a middle income country soon, it will benefit me and all my fellow Zimbabweans who have struggled for decades now. But it needs not be a result of some arithmetic irregularity in the way the classification works
12. Even the 40% uplift in GDP figures following a rebasing in 2018 to account for economic activity in the informal sector will not be enough to offset the impact of the internal devaluation. Well the incomes of those in the informal sectors have also been reduced!!!</blockquote>
More: <a href="https://blogs.worldbank.org/opendata/new-country-classifications-income-level-2019-2020">World BankNew Country Classification</a>,  <a href="https://twitter.com/mutungadzimwe/status/1147245723618070528">@Mutungadzimwe on Twitter</a>

FULL THREAD: Breakdown Of Zimbabwe's World Bank Upgrade To Middle Income Country

A recent Survey on Poverty, Income, Consumption, and Expenditure suggests that about 2.5 million Zimbabweans are living in poverty and below the World Bank stipulated Poverty Datum Line (PDL).
The poverty datum line in the country is estimated at $165.44 per month from February. It is likely that it is now higher than that considering that the cost of living has been increasing at an unparalleled rate lately. Therefore, most Zimbabweans live at US$1.87 per day instead of the World Bank’s updated international poverty datum line of US$1.90.
According to the survey, Zimbabweans are living in extreme poverty. These statistics are attributed to a sharp increase in the prices of basic commodities. As a result of the inflation, the amount needed by families or individuals rose up by 5.53% from February to March.
Zimbabwe’s inflation rate was recently ranked number two after Venezuela.
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2.5 Million People Living In Extreme Poverty - Latest Survey

The World Bank claims that Zimbabwe’s reform process is not moving fast enough in regard to the ease of doing business.
This was said by World Bank country coach for Zimbabwe, Eric Zinyengere. He said:
<blockquote>We are not reforming as fast as we would like. The target has been each year that we improve the doing business environment and get a better ranking.
Certainly, we hope that as we move through the next couple of years we will move towards the double-digit figure rather than a three-digit figure, but there is no specific target there that we must be number this.
We aim to improve our distance to the frontier and get better.
We believe that the fact that the highest office in the country is concerned about the ease-of-doing-business, policy inconsistencies should become a thing of the past.
We have seen more laws enabled in the shortest time than before like the Insolvency Act, the Estate Administrators Act and the Deeds Registries Act.
All these laws have been pending for quite a while, but for the past two years, all have been passed which shows that there is a drive to improve the ease of doing business environment.</blockquote>
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World Bank Says Zim Not Reforming Fast

In an interview with Bloomberg on Thursday in Nigeria’s capital, Abuja, World Bank’’s vice president for Africa, Hafez Ghanem said Zimbabwe could become a middle-income country within a decade.
He however said this depends on the programs that are implemented. Said Ghanem:
<blockquote>It’s a country with huge potential. Zimbabwe can easily become an upper middle-income country in a very short time. Depending on the type of programs, five to ten years. Zimbabwe has some of the most educated people on our continent, so we have human capital and we have natural resources.</blockquote>
Ghanem said government will need to attract investment, deal with debt and return to the international financial system to recover and grow.
More: <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-08-03/zimbabwe-can-be-middle-income-state-in-a-decade-world-bank-says?utm_medium=social&amp;utm_content=africa&amp;cmpid%3D=socialflow-twitter-africa&amp;utm_campaign=socialflow-organic&amp;utm_source=twitter">Bloomberg</a>

Zimbabwe Can Easily Become An Upper Middle-Income Country In A Very Short Time: World Bank VP

Th World Bank has released a report which states that Zimbabwe has the lowest commitment when it comes to honouring property rights and contract enforcement.   The report, titled World Development Report: Governance and the Law also says that Zimbabwe has a high shadow economy compared to other countries in the world.
According to the World Bank, a shadow economy is one where production of goods and services are deliberately hidden from the authorities in  order to avoid paying costs such as taxes,  social security contributions, administrative procedure fees and labour standards.
The report also notes that good policies are difficult to introduce and implement because groups who would be thriving in the current situation may be powerful enough to delay or oppose the reforms.  Says the report
<blockquote>Decision makers – the elite – may have the right objectives and yet still be unable to implement the right policies because doing so would challenge the existing equilibrium – and the current balance of power.</blockquote>
In Zimbabwe, <a href="http://www.pindula.co.zw/Zim_Asset" target="_blank">Zim-Asset</a> is yet to meet its goals.

Zimbabwe has the worst property rights protection and contract enforcement:  World Bank

The World Bank has projected a 3.8% growth rate for Zimbabwe in 2017 above the modest treasury forecast and sees growth for Sub-Saharan Africa at 2.9% this year.
Zimbabwe’s economy is expected to grow by 3.4% in both 2018 and 2019. This is after the economy grew by a World Bank estimated growth of 0.4% in 2016. The Bank however says the growth might be affected by activities such as heightened political uncertainty. According to the World Bank’s Global Economic Prospects report titled “Weak Investment in Uncertain Times”, released on Wednesday commodity exporters such as Zimbabwe will continue to struggle to adjust to low commodity prices, with activity expanding at a moderate pace.
More: <a href="http://www.zbc.co.zw/index.php/news-categories/business/72903-zim-economy-to-grow-by-38pc-world-bank">ZBC</a>

World Bank projects 3.8% growth for Zimbabwe's economy

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